Xiphoid process

Function

The sword-tip cartilage that ossifies late in life. It anchors the diaphragm, the rectus abdominis and the aponeuroses of the abdominal wall, completing the thoracic outlet's anterior rim.

Landmarks

• Xiphisternal joint
• Apex tip

Articulations (joints)

• Body of sternum above
• Diaphragm and abdominal wall muscle attachments

Clinical relevance

CPR compressions must centre on the lower sternum, not the xiphoid — pressure on it can lacerate the liver.