Skin, hair & nailsInflammatoryICD-10 L70
Acne vulgaris
Also called: Acne, Pimples
Blocked, inflamed hair follicles cause spots, mainly on the face, chest and back. Almost universal in teenagers and very treatable.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Excess sebum, blocked follicles, Cutibacterium acnes and inflammation, driven by androgens
Risk factors
- Adolescence
- Family history
- PCOS
- Some medicines and oily cosmetics
Symptoms
- Blackheads and whiteheads
- Red papules and pustules
- Painful nodules and cysts
- Scarring
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Clinical
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Topical retinoids (adapalene), benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid
- Topical or oral antibiotics combined with benzoyl peroxide
- Combined pill or spironolactone for women
- Oral isotretinoin for severe or scarring acne (strict pregnancy prevention)
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Gentle cleansing twice daily
- Non-comedogenic products
- Do not squeeze spots
Possible complications
- Scarring and pigmentation
- Low self-esteem
Prevention
- Early treatment prevents scarring
Outlook
Usually improves by the mid-20s.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for painful nodules, scarring or distress.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.