Hereditary haemochromatosis
Also called: Hemochromatosis, Iron overload
An inherited condition in which the body absorbs too much iron from food. Iron builds up in the liver, heart, pancreas and joints over decades.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- HFE gene mutations (C282Y homozygosity) lowering hepcidin
Risk factors
- Northern European ancestry
- Family history
- Men and post-menopausal women
Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Joint pain (especially knuckles)
- Low libido
- Bronze skin
- Diabetes
- Signs of liver disease
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Transferrin saturation and ferritin
- HFE genetic testing
- MRI liver iron or elastography
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Iron chelation if venesection is not possible
Operations and procedures
- Regular venesection (removing blood) to normalise iron
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Avoid iron and vitamin C supplements
- Limit alcohol
- Screen relatives
Possible complications
- Cirrhosis and liver cancer
- Diabetes
- Cardiomyopathy
- Arthritis
Prevention
- Family screening allows treatment before organ damage
Outlook
Normal life expectancy if treated before cirrhosis.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for unexplained fatigue with joint pain, or if a relative has haemochromatosis.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.