Polycystic ovary syndrome
Also called: PCOS
A common hormonal condition with irregular or absent ovulation, excess male hormones and often multiple small follicles on the ovaries. It is linked to insulin resistance.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
About 1 in 10 women of reproductive age.
Causes
- Genetic predisposition, insulin resistance and hormonal imbalance
Risk factors
- Family history
- Obesity
Symptoms
- Irregular or absent periods
- Excess hair growth
- Acne
- Hair thinning
- Difficulty conceiving
- Weight gain
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Rotterdam criteria: two of irregular ovulation, high androgens, polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
- Blood tests (testosterone, AMH, glucose, lipids)
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Combined oral contraceptive for cycles and symptoms
- Metformin for insulin resistance
- Letrozole to induce ovulation
- Anti-androgens (spironolactone) for hair growth
Operations and procedures
- IVF if needed
- Ovarian drilling rarely
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Weight loss of 5–10% often restores ovulation
- Regular exercise
- Healthy diet
Possible complications
- Infertility
- Type 2 diabetes
- Endometrial hyperplasia
- Cardiovascular risk
- Depression
Prevention
- Healthy weight reduces severity
Outlook
Well managed with lifestyle and medication; most can conceive with treatment.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for irregular periods, excess hair growth or difficulty conceiving.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
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