Pituitary adenoma
Also called: Prolactinoma, Pituitary tumour
A benign growth of the pituitary gland that can over-produce hormones (prolactin, growth hormone, ACTH) or press on nearby structures such as the optic nerves.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Benign monoclonal growth; rarely inherited (MEN1)
Risk factors
- Family syndromes (MEN1)
Symptoms
- Prolactinoma: irregular periods, milk discharge, low libido
- Acromegaly: enlarged hands, feet and jaw
- Cushing's disease
- Headache and loss of peripheral vision
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Pituitary hormone blood tests
- MRI pituitary
- Visual field testing
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Dopamine agonists (cabergoline) for prolactinomas
- Somatostatin analogues for acromegaly
- Hormone replacement for deficiencies
Operations and procedures
- Transsphenoidal surgery
- Radiotherapy
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Regular follow-up
Possible complications
- Vision loss
- Hormone deficiencies
- Pituitary apoplexy (rare emergency)
Prevention
- None
Outlook
Generally good; most are controlled with medicine or surgery.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for unexplained milk discharge, missed periods or loss of side vision.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.