Kidneys & urinary tractGeneticICD-10 Q61.2
Polycystic kidney disease
Also called: ADPKD
An inherited condition in which numerous fluid-filled cysts grow in both kidneys, gradually enlarging them and reducing function.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 (autosomal dominant)
Risk factors
- Family history
Symptoms
- High blood pressure
- Back or side pain
- Blood in urine
- Kidney stones and infections
- Enlarged abdomen
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Ultrasound
- Genetic testing
- MRI kidney volume
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Blood pressure control (ACE inhibitors)
- Tolvaptan slows cyst growth in rapidly progressing disease
Operations and procedures
- Dialysis or transplantation for kidney failure
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- High water intake
- Low salt
- Avoid NSAIDs
Possible complications
- Kidney failure
- Brain aneurysms
- Liver cysts
Prevention
- Genetic counselling
Outlook
About half reach kidney failure by 60.
When to see a doctor
Get checked if a close relative has PKD.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.