Anaphylaxis
Also called: Severe allergic reaction
This can be a medical emergency. Use adrenaline and call emergency services immediately.
A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that develops rapidly, affecting breathing and circulation. Adrenaline is the essential first treatment.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Foods (peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, milk, egg)
- Insect stings
- Medicines (antibiotics, NSAIDs, anaesthetics)
- Latex
Risk factors
- Previous reactions
- Asthma
- Mast cell disorders
Symptoms
- Swelling of lips, tongue or throat
- Difficulty breathing, wheeze, hoarse voice
- Dizziness, collapse
- Widespread hives
- Vomiting
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Clinical; mast cell tryptase afterwards; allergy testing later
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine auto-injector) into the outer thigh immediately
- Repeat after 5 minutes if no improvement
- Oxygen, IV fluids
- Antihistamines and steroids are secondary
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Carry two adrenaline auto-injectors
- Lie flat with legs raised (sit up if breathing is difficult)
- Allergy action plan
Possible complications
- Death from airway obstruction or shock
- Biphasic reaction
Prevention
- Allergen avoidance
- Venom immunotherapy
- Food oral immunotherapy in some
Outlook
Excellent with prompt adrenaline.
When to see a doctor
Use adrenaline and call emergency services immediately.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.