Brain & nervesAutoimmuneICD-10 G61.0
Guillain–Barré syndrome
Also called: GBS
The immune system attacks the peripheral nerves, usually after an infection, causing rapidly ascending weakness that can paralyse breathing muscles.
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Causes
- Autoimmune reaction after infection (Campylobacter, cytomegalovirus, Zika, influenza)
Risk factors
- Recent gastrointestinal or respiratory infection
Symptoms
- Tingling in the feet and hands
- Weakness spreading up the legs over days
- Loss of reflexes
- Breathing and swallowing difficulty in severe cases
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Nerve conduction studies
- Lumbar puncture (raised protein, normal cells)
- Breathing capacity monitoring
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange
- Supportive care and monitoring
Operations and procedures
- Mechanical ventilation if breathing fails
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Rehabilitation
Possible complications
- Respiratory failure
- Autonomic instability
- Blood clots
- Lasting weakness
Prevention
- Food hygiene reduces Campylobacter infection
Outlook
About 80% walk independently at 6 months; recovery may take a year or more.
When to see a doctor
Seek urgent care for rapidly spreading weakness or difficulty breathing.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
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