Male reproductiveCancerICD-10 C62
Testicular cancer
The most common cancer in young men aged 15–35, usually felt as a painless lump in the testicle. It is one of the most curable cancers.
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Causes
- Germ cell tumours (seminoma, non-seminoma)
Risk factors
- Undescended testis
- Family history
- Previous testicular cancer
Symptoms
- Painless lump or swelling in a testicle
- Heaviness in the scrotum
- Dull ache
- Breast tenderness (rare)
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Scrotal ultrasound
- Tumour markers (AFP, hCG, LDH)
- CT staging
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Chemotherapy (BEP)
- Radiotherapy for some seminomas
- Surveillance for stage I
Operations and procedures
- Radical inguinal orchidectomy
- Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
- Sperm banking before treatment
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Monthly self-examination
Possible complications
- Infertility
- Late effects of chemotherapy
Prevention
- Early surgery for undescended testes
Outlook
Over 95% cure rate overall.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor promptly for any testicular lump or swelling.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.