COVID-19
Also called: Coronavirus disease 2019, SARS-CoV-2
An infection with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, ranging from mild cold-like illness to severe pneumonia. Vaccination has greatly reduced severe disease.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- SARS-CoV-2 virus spread by respiratory droplets and aerosols
Risk factors
- Older age
- Immunosuppression
- Obesity, diabetes, chronic heart, lung or kidney disease
- Unvaccinated
Symptoms
- Fever, cough, sore throat
- Loss of taste or smell
- Fatigue and aches
- Breathlessness in severe cases
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Rapid antigen test or PCR
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Antivirals (nirmatrelvir–ritonavir, remdesivir) for high-risk patients
- Dexamethasone and oxygen for severe illness
- Tocilizumab or baricitinib in hospital
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Rest, fluids, isolate while infectious
Possible complications
- Pneumonia and respiratory failure
- Blood clots
- Long COVID
Prevention
- Vaccination and boosters
- Ventilation and hand hygiene
Outlook
Most recover fully; a minority develop long COVID.
When to see a doctor
Seek urgent care for breathlessness, chest pain or low oxygen levels.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.