Dengue fever
Also called: Dengue, Breakbone fever
A mosquito-borne viral infection causing high fever and severe aches. A small proportion develop severe dengue with plasma leakage and bleeding.
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Causes
- Dengue virus (4 serotypes) spread by Aedes mosquitoes
Risk factors
- Living in or travelling to tropical regions
- Second infection with a different serotype (higher risk of severe disease)
Symptoms
- Sudden high fever
- Severe headache and pain behind the eyes
- Muscle and joint pain
- Rash
- Warning signs: abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding gums, lethargy
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- NS1 antigen or PCR early; serology later
- Blood count (falling platelets, rising haematocrit)
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- No specific antiviral
- Paracetamol for fever — avoid aspirin and NSAIDs
- Careful IV fluids in severe dengue
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Rest and plenty of oral fluids
Possible complications
- Dengue shock syndrome
- Bleeding
- Organ impairment
Prevention
- Mosquito control and repellents
- Dengue vaccines (Qdenga, Dengvaxia) in eligible people
Outlook
Most recover in about a week; severe dengue mortality falls below 1% with good care.
When to see a doctor
Seek urgent care for warning signs such as abdominal pain, persistent vomiting or bleeding.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
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Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.