Anxiety disorders
Also called: Generalised anxiety disorder, GAD, Panic disorder
Excessive, persistent worry or fear that is hard to control and interferes with life. It includes generalised anxiety, panic disorder, social anxiety and phobias.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Genetic and temperamental vulnerability with stress
Risk factors
- Family history
- Stressful or traumatic experiences
- Chronic illness
- Caffeine and substance use
Symptoms
- Constant worry
- Restlessness and irritability
- Muscle tension
- Poor sleep
- Racing heart, sweating, trembling
- Panic attacks with chest tightness and fear of dying
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Clinical assessment (GAD-7)
- Exclude thyroid overactivity and other physical causes
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- SSRIs or SNRIs
- Pregabalin in some countries
- Avoid long-term benzodiazepines (dependence)
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Cognitive behavioural therapy
- Guided self-help
- Regular exercise
- Breathing and relaxation techniques
- Reduce caffeine and alcohol
Possible complications
- Depression
- Substance misuse
- Avoidance and isolation
Prevention
- Early help, stress management
Outlook
Highly treatable; most improve substantially with CBT and/or medication.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if anxiety affects daily life. Chest pain should be checked medically before being attributed to anxiety.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.