Mental healthMental health conditionICD-10 F43.1
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Also called: PTSD
A condition that can develop after a frightening or life-threatening event, with flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance and constant alertness.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Exposure to traumatic events (violence, war, accidents, abuse, disaster)
Risk factors
- Severity of trauma
- Previous trauma
- Lack of support afterwards
- Existing mental illness
Symptoms
- Flashbacks and nightmares
- Avoiding reminders
- Feeling on edge, easily startled
- Poor sleep and concentration
- Guilt, numbness, anger
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Clinical assessment when symptoms last more than a month
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- SSRIs (sertraline, paroxetine) or venlafaxine
- Prazosin for nightmares in some cases
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Trauma-focused CBT or EMDR therapy (first-line)
- Social support
- Limit alcohol
Possible complications
- Depression
- Substance misuse
- Suicide
Prevention
- Support after trauma; early screening
Outlook
Most improve significantly with trauma-focused therapy.
When to see a doctor
Seek help if symptoms persist more than a month after a traumatic event.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.