Infections (whole body)Bacterial infection (tick-borne)ICD-10 A69.2
Lyme disease
A bacterial infection spread by tick bites, often starting with an expanding red 'bull's-eye' rash. Early antibiotics cure it.
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Causes
- Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by Ixodes ticks
Risk factors
- Outdoor activity in tick areas
- Tick attached for over 24 hours
Symptoms
- Erythema migrans rash
- Fever, fatigue, aches
- Later: facial palsy, joint swelling, heart block
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Clinical for erythema migrans
- Serology for later stages
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Doxycycline (or amoxicillin) for 2–3 weeks
- Intravenous antibiotics for neurological or cardiac disease
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Remove ticks promptly with fine tweezers
Possible complications
- Lyme arthritis
- Neuroborreliosis
- Carditis
Prevention
- Cover skin, repellents, check for ticks
Outlook
Cured by prompt treatment in most cases.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for an expanding rash after a tick bite.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.