Eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia)
Also called: Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Binge eating disorder
Serious illnesses involving disturbed eating behaviour and preoccupation with weight and shape. Anorexia has the highest mortality of any mental illness.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Genetic, psychological and sociocultural factors
Risk factors
- Female sex and adolescence
- Dieting
- Perfectionism
- Family history
- Weight-focused sports
Symptoms
- Restricting food and significant weight loss
- Binge eating
- Vomiting or laxative misuse
- Fear of weight gain
- Missed periods, dizziness, feeling cold
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Clinical assessment, weight, blood tests (electrolytes), ECG
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Medical monitoring; careful refeeding to avoid refeeding syndrome
- Antidepressants for bulimia and binge eating in some cases
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Specialist psychological therapy (family-based therapy for young people, CBT-E)
- Dietitian support
Possible complications
- Heart rhythm problems
- Osteoporosis
- Electrolyte disturbance
- Infertility
- Death
Prevention
- Positive body image and avoiding weight stigma
Outlook
Recovery is possible, especially with early treatment.
When to see a doctor
Seek help early; urgently for fainting, chest pain or very low weight.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.